Joan Miró (1893-1983)1893 20 April: Birth of Joan Miró i Ferrá
at 9.00 p.m. at number 4 Passatge del Crèdit, Barcelona. His father, Miquel Miró i
Adzerias, son of a blacksmith in Cornudella, was a watchmaker and silversmith. His mother,
Dolors Ferrà i Oromí, was the daughter of a cabinet-maker in Palma, Majorca.

1900 Begins primary school at
Carrer del Regomir 13, Barcelona, where he attends drawing classes given by Sr. Civil.
1901 The earliest preserved
drawings, now at the Joan Miró Foundation in Barcelona, date from this year.
1907 Enrols at the School of
Commerce in Barcelona. At the same time he attends classes at the School of Industrial and
Fine Arts (the Llotja) until 1910, where his teachers are Modest Urgell and Josep Pascó.
1910 Works as an accounts
clerk at Dalmau i Oliveres drugstore in Barcelona. Participates for the first time at an
exhibition of old and modern portraits and drawings organised by the City Council.
1911 His inability to adapt
to the job at Dalmau i Oliveres affects his health. He catches typhoid fever and spends
time convalescing in Mont-roig (province of Tarragona) at the farm recently bought by his
parents.
1912 Decides to devote
himself entirely to painting and enrols in the school of art run by Francesc Galí, which
he attends until 1915. Among his fellow students are Joan Prats, Josep Francesc Ráfols,
Enric Cristòfol Ricart and possibly Josep Llorens Artigas, among others.
1913 Enrols in the Cercle
Artístic de Sant Lluc, where he attends life classes. Here he meets up again with Joan
Prats, with whom he forms a close friendship.
1916 Meets the dealer Josep
Dalmau, who shows an interest in his work. Rents a studio with E.C Ricart in Carrer de
Sant Pere més Baix 51, Barcelona, which they share until 1918.
1917 Through Josep Dalmau he
probably meets Maurice Raynal and Francis Picabia. Takes an interest in poetry and reads
Catalan and French avant-garde reviews such as Pierre Reverdy's Nord-Sud and Albert
Birot's SIC . Visits the "Exposition d'Art Français" in Barcelona.
1918 Forms part of the
Agrupació Courbet together with Josep Llorens Artigas, J.F. Ràfols, E.C. Ricart, Rafael
Sala, Francesc Domingo and Marià Espinal, all students of Gali´s art school and the
Cercle Artístic de Sant Lluc. First one-man show at the Galeries Dalmau, Barcelona.
1920 Travels to Paris for the
first time, where Josep Dalmau tries to organise an exhibition for him. Visits Picasso in
his studio.
1921 In Paris until 1925,
where he has the use of Pablo Gargallo's studio at 45 Rue Blomet during the academic
terms. Spends the rest of the year mainly at Mont-roig. First solo exhibition in Paris at
the Galerie La Licorne, organised by Josep Dalmau. The introduction to the catalogue is
written by Maurice Raynal.
1922 In Paris, living and
working at 45 Rue Blomet. Becomes friendly with André Masson, who is a neighbour, and
with Roland Tual.
1923 Through Masson he meets
Michel Leiris and probably Antonin Artaud, Robert Desnos, Jean Dubuffet, Paul Eluard,
Marcel Jouhandeau, Georges Limbour, Raymond Queneau and Armand Salacrou. He also meets
Ernest Hemingway, who purchases The farm , and Ezra Pound. In Mont-roig he begins painting
Tilled field, Catalan landscape (The hunter) and Pastoral , which mark a turning point in
his art.
1924 Avant-garde poets and
writers gather in Masson's studio at 45 Rue Blomet. Miró's friends during this period are
Max Jacob, Michel Leiris, Georges Limbour, Benjamin Péret, Armand Salacrou and Roland
Tual.
1925 André Breton meets
Miró during a visit to the studio in the Rue Blomet. First solo exhibition at the Galerie
Pierre, Paris.
1926 Moves into a new studio
at 22 Rue Tourlaque, in the Cité des Fusains. His neighbours are Max Ernst, Hans Arp and
probably Paul Eluard and Camille Goemans. Diaghilev commissions Miró and Ernst to design
the sets and costumes for the ballet Romeo and Juliet to be performed by the Ballets
Russes.
1928 Produces the first
object-collages titled Spanish dancer . Visits Belgium and Holland. Paints the Dutch
interiors in Mont-roig.
1929 Works on the series
known as "Imaginary portraits". Marries Pilar Juncosa in Palma, Majorca. They
settle in Paris, in an apartment at 3 Rue François Mouton.
1930 Works on a series of
paintings in very varied styles. According to Miró, they are a farewell to painting,
albeit a temporary one, as he wishes to work in other media such as bas relief, sculpture,
etc. Birth of his only daughter, Maria Dolors, in Barcelona. In Mont-roig he produces his
first three-dimensional pieces. First one-man show in the United States, at the Valentine
Gallery, New York.
1931 In Mont-roig he starts a
series of paintings on Ingres paper and object-paintings.
1932 Through Joan Prats he
meets the architect Josep Lluís Sert. Decides to spend more time in Barcelona. Lives and
works in the family home at Passatge del Crèdit 4 until 1936. Works on a new series of
objects. Designs the curtain, sets, costumes and objects for the ballet Jeux d'enfants
performed by the Ballets Russes de Monte-Carlo, with scenario by Boris Kochno, music by
Georges Bizet and choreography by Léonide Massine. First one-man show at the Pierre
Matisse Gallery, New York.
1933 Works on a series of 18
collages and then on the paintings based on them. Publication of Enfances by Georges
Hugnet, the first book illustrated by Miró with etchings.
1934 Signs a contract with
Pierre Matisse, who represents him in the United States.
1936 Starts a series of
27 paintings on masonite. Travels to Paris with his latest works, which are to be
exhibited in New York. Due to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, he decides to stay in
Paris. His wife and daughter join him, and they remain in France until 1940.
1937 Living and working in an
apartment at 98 Boulevard Auguste Blanqui, Paris. Attends life classes at the Académie de
la Grande Chaumiére, where he produces a large number of drawings. Produces a large mural
painting, The reaper ( Catalan peasant in revolt ), for the Spanish Republican
Government's pavilion, designed by Josep Lluís Sert and Luis Lacasa, at the Paris World
Fair.
1938 Works on etchings and
dry-point engravings with Marcoussis and prints these at the studios of Roger Lacourière
and Stanley W. Hayter.
1939 Leaves Paris in the
summer and rents a house in Varengeville-sur-Mer, Normandy, where the family remain until
1940.
1940 In January he starts a
series of 23 gouaches, which he continues in Palma and completes in Mont-roig in September
1941. This series was later to be known as the Constellations . The Germans bomb Normandy
at the end of May and Miró decides to return to Spain with his family, where they settle
in Palma (Majorca).
1941 First large
retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, New York. Organisation and catalogue
by James Johnson Sweeney.
1942 Continues working
exclusively on paper. Returns to Barcelona and lives at Passatge del Crèdit 4. 1943
Continues working exclusively on paper, with the sole known exception of Painting with art
nouveau frame , from the Joan Prts collection.
1944 Produces his first
ceramics, using materials from an unsuccessful firing in 1941 by Josep Llorens Artigas.
This is the start of the first period of collaboration between them, which continues until
1947. Publication of the set of 50 lithographs known as the Barcelona series , under the
supervision of Joan Prats. Returns to painting on canvas, which he had virtually abandoned
since 1939.
1945 Works on several series
of large-format paintings.
1946 Produces his first
bronze sculptures. 1947 First trip to the United States, where he produces a mural
painting for the Gourmet Room at the Terrace Plaza Hotel in Cincinnati. During his stay in
New York he frequents Stanley W. Hayter's studio Atelier 17, where he explores engraving
techniques. Takes part in "Le Surréalisme en 1947: Exposition internationale du
surréalisme" at the Galerie Maeght, Paris, organised by André Breton and Marcel
Duchamp.
1948 First solo exhibition at
the Galerie Maeght, Paris. Aimé Maeght becomes his new representative in France.
1949 This year and next he
alternates between two types of painting: one more reflective and the other more gestural
and impulsive. Although based in Barcelona, he makes frequent visits to Paris to work on
printing techniques at the Mourlot printing studio (lithographs) and at the Atelier
Lacourière (engravings). His work on ceramics and sculpture becomes increasingly
intensive. Exhibition at the Galerías Layetanas, Barcelona, sponsored by Cobalto 49.

1950 In Barcelona, living and
working at Passatge del Crèdit 4 until the autumn, when he moves to a flat at Carrer de
Folgaroles 9, where he also works, although he keeps on the studio in the Passatge del
Crèdit. Starts work on the mural painting for the dining hall at Harkness Commons,
Harvard University, commissioned by Walter Gropius, which he completes the following year.
1951 In Mont-roig, working on
sculptures in a studio he had built at the farm.
1952 Second visit to the
United States.
1954 Starts a new period of
collaboration with Josep Llorens Artigas in Gallifa (near Barcelona). Over the next two
years he produces more than 200 ceramic pieces.
1955 Produces a series of
paintings on cardboard. He then stops painting until 1959 but continues working on
ceramics and graphic arts.
1956 Sells the flat in
Passatge del Crèdit and moves permanently to Palma, where he builds a house and
commissions Josep Lluís Sert to design a studio for him.
1958 Inauguration of the two
murals for UNESCO in Paris. The project receives the Guggenheim International Award. 1960
Works with Josep Llorens Artigas on the ceramic mural for Harkness Commons, Harvard
University, to replace the mural painting.
1961 Publication of Jacques
Dupin's book on Miró.
1962 Retrospective exhibition
at the Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris.
1964 Opening of the Fondation
Maeght, designed by Josep Lluís Sert, and of the "Labyrinth", with sculptures
by Miró and Artigas, at Saint-Paul-de-Vence.
1966 Produces his first
monumental sculptures in bronze, Sun bird and Moon bird . Retrospective exhibition at the
National Museum of Art, Tokyo. Visits Japan for the first time, where he meets the poet
Shuzo Takiguchi, author of the first monograph on Miró.
1967 Installation of a
ceramic mural, produced in collaboration with Josep Llorens Artigas, at the Solomon R.
Guggenheim Museum, New York. Awarded the Carnegie International Grand Prize for painting.
1968 Last visit to the United
States. Awarded an honorary doctorate by Harvard University. Retrospective exhibitions at
the Fondation Maeght, Saint-Paul-de-Vence, and at the Antic Hospital de la Santa Creu,
Barcelona, sponsored by the City Council.
1969 "Miró otro"
exhibition at the College of Architects, Barcelona. Mirópaints the glass front of the
building (an ephemeral action that is erased when the exhibition is over).
1970 Ceramic mural and mural
painting for the Laughter Pavilion sponsored by Japanese gas companies at the Osaka World
Fair. In conjunction with Artigas, he produces a monumental ceramic mural for Barcelona
Airport.
1972 1972 The Fundació Joan
Miró, Centre d'Estudis d'Art Contemporani is legally constituted in Barcelona. Josep
Lluís Sert is commissioned to design the building.
1975 The Fundació Joan
Miró, Centre d'Estudis d'Art Contemporani, is opened to the public. A large selection of
paintings, sculptures, textiles and prints are exhibited.
1976 Installation of the
ceramic paving in the Pla de l'Ós in the Rambla, Barcelona. Official opening of the
Fundació Joan Miró in Barcelona, with an exhibition of drawings from the collection
donated by the artist.
1977 Produces a large
tapestry in conjunction with Josep Royo for the National Gallery, Washington D.C., and
starts work on the tapestry for the Foundation. Paints the sets and figures for Mori el
Merma with the help of the actors in the Teatre de la Claca group.
1978 Retrospective exhibition
at the Museo Español de Arte Contemporáneo, Madrid, organised in conjunction with the
Fundació Joan Miró, Barcelona. Premiere of Mori el Merma at the Gran Teatre del Liceu,
Barcelona, performed by the Teatre de la Claca company, with giant puppets, masks and sets
painted by Miró. Unveiling of the monumental sculpture Couple playing with almond blossom
in La Défense, Paris.
1979 Unveiling of the
stained-glass windows at the Fondation Maeght, produced in collaboration with Charles
Marcq, with whom Miró also made the stained-glass windows for the Chapelle Royale de
Saint-Frambourg-de-Senlis, the venue for artistic and musical events held by the Cziffra
Foundation. Awarded an honorary doctorate by Barcelona University. 1980 King Juan Carlos
awards him the Gold Medal for Fine Arts.
1981 Installation of the
monumental sculpture known as Miss Chicago in Brunswick Plaza, Chicago.
1982 Installation of the
monumental sculpture Woman and bird in the Parc de Joan Miró, Barcelona.
1983 Various events and
exhibitions to celebrate Miró's ninetieth birthday. "Joan Miró: A
Ninetieth-Birthday Tribute" at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and "Joan
Miró: anys 20. Mutació de la realitat" at the Fundació Joan Miró, Barcelona.
Unveiling of a monumental sculpture in the courtyard of Barcelona City Hall. Death of Joan
Miró in Palma, Majorca, on 25 December. He is buried on 29 December in the Montjuïc
cemetery, Barcelona.
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